SARS-CoV-2 veio obrigar ao home office em teletrabalho e adaptação das empresas para conseguirem comunicar com os colaboradores e reterem os melhores. No âmbito da Gestão dos Talentos a sua retenção tornou-se prioridade.Analisando casos reais apurámos que com a utilização da comunicação virtual e ferramentas digitais, o teletrabalho é alternativa por muitos preferida. Plataformas e redes ajudam a estabelecer laços, criar relacionamentos e gerar confiança entre lideranças e restantes colaboradores. Também permitem maior flexibilidade.O trabalho remoto mostra-se atrativo para o desempenho (...) dos colaboradores; as práticas relacionadas com engagement e comprometimento promovem Retenção dos Talentos e maior produtividade. (shrink)

Na filosofia de Aristóteles, o sentimento de amizade apresenta uma ambivalência com as emoções de rivalidade (philotimia) como a cólera (orgê) e a emulação (zêlos). Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo principal refletir sobre os aspectos emocionais que envolvem a noção de amizade, visando aprofundar a relação entre as emoções de rivalidade e as categorias do desejo em Aristóteles. A produtividade dessas reflexões, aponta que o modo como as diversas relações sociais e a construção do conhecimento desenvolvido, também são (...) emocionais, fato que expõem como condição necessária para o desenvolvimento de aspectos vinculados a formação humana. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar algumas relações entre a teoria do reconhecimento de Hegel e a teoria psicológica de Vygotsky. Aqui serão apresentadas duas hipóteses. A primeira é que Vygotsky foi profundamente influenciado por Hegel. Esse fato da obra vygotskyana não é muito destacado por seus intérpretes, mas pode ser confirmado nos próprios textos do autor. Uma segunda hipótese: a estrutura teórica desenvolvida por Vygotsky está vinculada ao quadro teórico do reconhecimento elaborado por Hegel. Analisaremos algumas passagens das obras (...) dos dois teóricos que evidenciam as hipóteses levantadas. (shrink)

SOUSA, Mateus Oliveira. Ética e religião no horizonte das Diretrizes Gerais da Ação Evangelizadora da CNBB 1975-2015. 2016. Dissertação - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.

Does the desirability of social institutions for public goods provision depend on the extent to which they include mechanisms for endogenous enforcement of cooperative behavior? We consider alternative institutions that vary the use of direct punishments to promote social cooperation. In one institution, subjects participate in a public goods experiment in which an initial stage of voluntary contribution is followed by a second stage of voluntary, costly sanctioning. Another institution consists of the voluntary contribution stage only, with no subsequent opportunity (...) to sanction. In a third stage subjects vote for which institution they prefer for future interactions: do they prefer one that does allow sanctions or one that does not allow sanctions? Our results show that even though sanctions are frequently used when available, the clear majority of individuals vote for the institution that does not allow sanctions. Thus, a distinction is required between the principles that guide the choice of institutions and the principles that apply to actions guided by institutions. Our results indicate that it is the wealth generated by the institution that determines its desirability. (shrink)

La perspectiva de los futuros periodistas sobre la profesión es importante para una evaluación crítica de la forma en que la academia, en sus cursos de comunicación/ periodismo, los prepara.Los resultados de una encuesta a estudiantes de pregrado y maestría en comunicación/periodismo, de 11 instituciones de educación superior portuguesas, apuntan a un desajuste entre las percepciones sobre el periodismo actual y las expectativas futuras, lo que nos llevó a reflexionar sobre el papel de las instituciones educativas, que parecen más como (...) promotores de una visión crítica del periodismo, que promotores de actitudes proactivas en la búsqueda de respuestas a los diversos desafíos identificados por los estudiantes. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to undertake a systematic literature review (SLR) of empirical research that uses multi‐source methods for collecting data about Ethical Leadership (EL). Research on this sensitive subject benefits from the inclusion of data from more than one source, in order to be better supported, and thus contribute to a deeper understanding of leadership and business ethics issues. The search strategy retrieved a total of 50 multi‐source empirical studies on the topic of EL, published until December (...) 2017. This SLR shows that (a) research on EL has focused mostly on the perceptions of followers, possibly because they are the most accessible target of its outcomes, thus restricting the scope of this body of research; (b) EL is studied mainly through consideration of its consequences, a restriction that hinders explanation of the causal processes involved in ethical leadership, which remains a research arena in need of development. The systematic inclusion of other stakeholders in multi‐source methods is advanced as a way to further develop the field. (shrink)

This book presents a careful blend of conceptual, theoretical and applied research in regards to the relationship between technology and humans, exploring the importance of these interactions, aspects related with trust, communication, data protection, usability concerning organizational change, and e-learning"--Provided by publisher.

Já em 1921, Freud inaugurou uma abordagem que considera a psicologia das massas como extensão das experiências individuais, célebre pela afirmação de que toda psicologia é, em última análise, social. Tal perspectiva seria reapropriada por Adorno, que desdobrou a posição freudiana ao situar as massas como um agente decisivo a partir do estágio industrial do capitalismo. Diante do valor deste diálogo, o presente trabalho adotou como objetivo uma análise da reapropriação feita por Adorno da psicologia das massas tal como preconizada (...) por Freud. Mediante uma obrigatória referência a Psicologia das Massas e Análise do Eu, de Freud, delineou a trajetória do conceito de massa ao longo da obra de Adorno até a culminância de uma psicologia social analiticamente orientada. Em termos conclusivos, aposta que as condições que levam o indivíduo a “ser” massa são relativas à objetividade social que promove a irracionalidade mediante a mercantilização e reificação das relações sociais. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article aims at comparing the philosophies of language of Bakhtin and Wittgenstein. The main problem to be addressed is how these two authors thought the idea that linguistic meaning necessarily has an intersubjective nature. To this end, the article will address the Wittgensteinian “private language argument,” as discussed in Philosophical Investigations, particularly in §258, and the Bakhtinian thesis of the “dialogical orientation of discourse,” as discussed at the beginning of chapter 2 of Discourse in the Novel. RESUMO Esse (...) artigo propõe fazer uma comparação entre as filosofias da linguagem de Bakhtin e de Wittgenstein. Em particular, nos interessará a pergunta sobre como esses dois filósofos pensaram a ideia de que o significado linguístico tem necessariamente uma natureza intersubjetiva. Para isso, serão abordados o argumento wittgensteiniano contra a linguagem privada, como discutido nasInvestigações filosóficas, em particular em §258, e a tese bakhtiniana da orientação dialógica do discurso, como discutida no início do capítulo 2 d’O discurso no romance. (shrink)

RESUMO Esse artigo propõe fazer uma comparação entre as filosofias da linguagem de Bakhtin e de Wittgenstein. Em particular, nos interessará a pergunta sobre como esses dois filósofos pensaram a ideia de que o significado linguístico tem necessariamente uma natureza intersubjetiva. Para isso, serão abordados o argumento wittgensteiniano contra a linguagem privada, como discutido nasInvestigações filosóficas, em particular em §258, e a tese bakhtiniana da orientação dialógica do discurso, como discutida no início do capítulo 2 d’O discurso no romance. ABSTRACT (...) This article aims at comparing the philosophies of language of Bakhtin and Wittgenstein. The main problem to be addressed is how these two authors thought the idea that linguistic meaning necessarily has an intersubjective nature. To this end, the article will address the Wittgensteinian “private language argument,” as discussed in Philosophical Investigations, particularly in §258, and the Bakhtinian thesis of the “dialogical orientation of discourse,” as discussed at the beginning of chapter 2 of Discourse in the Novel. (shrink)

How can probabilities make sense in a deterministic many-worlds theory? We address two facets of this problem: why should rational agents assign subjective probabilities to branching events, and why should branching events happen with relative frequencies matching their objective probabilities. To address the first question, we generalise the Deutsch–Wallace theorem to a wide class of many-world theories, and show that the subjective probabilities are given by a norm that depends on the dynamics of the theory: the 2-norm in the usual (...) Many-Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, and the 1-norm in a classical many-worlds theory known as Kent’s universe. To address the second question, we show that if one takes the objective probability of an event to be the proportion of worlds in which this event is realised, then in most worlds the relative frequencies will approximate well the objective probabilities. This suggests that the task of determining the objective probabilities in a many-worlds theory reduces to the task of determining how to assign a measure to the worlds. (shrink)

Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas experiências realizadas na disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado em Educação Infantil I, do curso de Pedagogia da UNIVATES, no qual investigou-se as possibilidades de conciliar a funcionalidade do espaço da sala de aula dos bebês com objetivos pedagógicos. Os dados foram obtidos mediante a realização de filmagens, fotografias e do uso de Diário de Campo. Observa-se que buscar contemplar na sala de aula de Educação Infantil os interesses e necessidades das crianças e dos adultos, exige dos docentes (...) uma escuta sensível do que as crianças manifestam, bem como, a criação de novos materiais e uso de diferentes estratégias a fim de garantir a multissensorialidade do espaço. (shrink)

The concept of corporal image includes how own body, taking into account their constituent parts, as well as the feelings related the those characteristics. The entrance in academica life provokes alterations in the feeding behavior, and the exposition to the new social environment they can bring as consequence an increase in dissatisfaction. Objective: To investigate the satisfaction with the body image and eating behavior of academics at a university center. Methods: For data collection, the following instruments were used. The evaluation (...) was performed with anthropometric measurements, as size and weight measurements. In order to diagnose the nutritional status, the body mass index was used. In order to evaluate the study variables; we used the Body Checking questionnaires Questionnaire. Male Body Checking Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire and EAT-26. Results: According to the Body Mass Index, the female gender had a higher rate of adequacy (70.4%), in relation to the masculine (58,9%). The EAT-26 questionnaire showed that 85% of male engineering students presented risk for Feeding Disorders, in relation to the female psychology (89.8%). Conclusion: In terms of feeding behavior, the women scored higher than men, which suggests a higher susceptibility to Feeding Disorders development in men. (shrink)

Some authors of Jurisprudence, especially Michel Villey, tried to present what they thought to be the aristotelic theory of justice, grounding in it their own theories. To Villey, pecifically, “the right” would be the correct translation of the Greek to dikaion. To defend, based on Aristotle, a conception of the just that refuses subjective elements of a theory of action is an error. And this error lies in ignoring a redefinition of to dikaion made by Aristotle in Chapter 9 of (...) Book V of Nicomachean Ethics. There, Aristotle adds to the objective conditions of the just and the unjust (EN V, 1-7) some subjective conditions referring to person who suffers the action. Only after correctly understanding these conditions we will be able to correctly understand the aristotelic theory of justice. As Villey and other authors ignore it, they err interpreting Aristotle and using him to found their own theories. (shrink)

O ataque de Platão à mimese parece reducionista a ponto de muitas interpretações a conceberem como uma noção essencialmente negativa. Na República (X 595c-608b), o filósofo teria definido as artes representativas através de tal conceito, expulsando os imitadores de sua cidade sob o pretexto de que engendrariam imagens distantes do inteligível (R. X 595c-602b). No entanto, a constituição política elaborada por Platão é apresentada como uma “pintura” (Ti. 19b) “imaginada em palavras” (R. VI 501e), quer dizer, ela possui o mesmo (...) estatuto dos trabalhos miméticos que são criticados na República. O diálogo Timeu-Crítias (29b, 107b) parece dar margem para a dissolução deste aparente paradoxo ao apresentar a mimese como uma propriedade do mundo e da linguagem. Desse modo, o conceito de mimese não poderia ser reduzido a uma concepção unitária, nem tampouco negativa, como as páginas do último livro da República poderiam sugerir. O presente artigo pretende investigar a possibilidade do uso filosófico da mimese examinando sua natureza na filosofia de Platão. Parece haver uma limitação da linguagem que impede um discurso fixo e estável (epistêmico) sobre a cidade justa. Restaria, então, recorrer à mimese. Palavras-chave: Platão; mimese; poesia; política. (shrink)

The intellectual history of Humanity is part of a vast genealogy that stems from disputes between those advocating the excellence of ancient times and those arguing the superiority of the present. Thus, since antiquity we find the persistent recurrence of a Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, virulence that stresses the human and social experience, either praised, either rebuked in its development process. This paper discusses the process of development of the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns as (...) a matrix from which it is possible to perceive, in sparse and seemingly random historical positions, a way that guide us to the path, full of crossings and intersections, of modern experience. Its aim is to define some cardinal points of the Quarrel’s own development that help us to better understand how the idea of “modernity” has evolved. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste texto, esmiúça-se o conceito de liberdade na obra de Isaiah Berlin, visando inseri-lo no contexto mais amplo de sua filosofia. Essa reconstrução tem dois objetivos principais, que a justificam: (i) evidenciar a natureza predominantemente histórica (e não analítica) do projeto intelectual de Berlin; e (ii) apontar dois erros comuns na interpretação dos conceitos de “liberdade positiva” e “liberdade negativa”.

Bilattices, introduced by Ginsberg as a uniform framework for inference in artificial intelligence, are algebraic structures that proved useful in many fields. In recent years, Arieli and Avron developed a logical system based on a class of bilattice-based matrices, called logical bilattices, and provided a Gentzen-style calculus for it. This logic is essentially an expansion of the well-known Belnap–Dunn four-valued logic to the standard language of bilattices. Our aim is to study Arieli and Avron’s logic from the perspective of abstract (...) algebraic logic . We introduce a Hilbert-style axiomatization in order to investigate the properties of the algebraic models of this logic, proving that every formula can be reduced to an equivalent normal form and that our axiomatization is complete w.r.t. Arieli and Avron’s semantics. In this way, we are able to classify this logic according to the criteria of AAL. We show, for instance, that it is non-protoalgebraic and non-self-extensional. We also characterize its Tarski congruence and the class of algebraic reducts of its reduced generalized models, which in the general theory of AAL is usually taken to be the algebraic counterpart of a sentential logic. This class turns out to be the variety generated by the smallest non-trivial bilattice, which is strictly contained in the class of algebraic reducts of logical bilattices. On the other hand, we prove that the class of algebraic reducts of reduced models of our logic is strictly included in the class of algebraic reducts of its reduced generalized models. Another interesting result obtained is that, as happens with some implicationless fragments of well-known logics, we can associate with our logic a Gentzen calculus which is algebraizable in the sense of Rebagliato and Verdú . We also prove some purely algebraic results concerning bilattices, for instance that the variety of distributive bilattices is generated by the smallest non-trivial bilattice. This result is based on an improvement of a theorem by Avron stating that every bounded interlaced bilattice is isomorphic to a certain product of two bounded lattices. We generalize it to the case of unbounded interlaced bilattices. (shrink)

Cut elimination is shown, in a constructive way, to hold in sequent calculi labelled with truth values for a wide class of normal modal logics, supporting global and local reasoning and allowing a general frame semantics. The complexity of cut elimination is studied in terms of the increase of logical depth of the derivations. A hyperexponential worst case bound is established. The subformula property and a similar property for the label terms are shown to be satisfied by that class of (...) modal sequent calculi. Modal logics presented by these calculi are proven to be globally and locally consistent. (shrink)

Labelled sequent calculi are provided for a wide class of normal modal systems using truth values as labels. The rules for formula constructors are common to all modal systems. For each modal system, specific rules for truth values are provided that reflect the envisaged properties of the accessibility relation. Both local and global reasoning are supported. Strong completeness is proved for a natural two-sorted algebraic semantics. As a corollary, strong completeness is also obtained over general Kripke semantics. A duality result (...) is established between the category of sober algebras and the category of general Kripke structures. A simple enrichment of the proposed sequent calculi is proved to be complete over standard Kripke structures. The calculi are shown to be analytic in a useful sense. (shrink)

Abordando a formação da consciência moderna, este artigo considera a Querela dos Antigos e dos Modernos a partir de duas noções estéticas fundamentais: a imitatio e a aemulatio.O modo como progressivamente se faz o elogio da emulação face à simples imitação corresponde à ultrapassagem do pólo antigo pelo pólo moderno. Enquanto o imitador deseja reproduzir a exactidão do modelo, o emulador esforça-se por dizer melhor. A emulação, proposta pelos Modernos, mostra-se sempre relativizadora e perturbada em relação aos antigos, inquieta por (...) se lhes sobrepor. (shrink)

It was not until the emergence, in the 19th century, of new technical devices – such as the telegraph and the phonograph – that the term medius came to serve as a collective noun (media) for advanced communication technologies. Although mediation is extensively theorized in philosophy and sociology, and is approached by medium theory and media studies, the concept remains undertheorized in the field of communication theory.By exploring the problem of mediation and by challenging its representationalist and transmissive accounts, this (...) paper posits mediation beyond the medium. It traces mediation as a relational principle which can be best understood as modulation involving inherent translation, inflection and movement. Mediation is not a simple transportation of meaning through a passive intermediary. It is not just something which stands or comes between things otherwise separated or opposed. Mediation is neither a middle-thing linking separate entities, nor do things get mediated: They are already forms of mediation. Mediation is, foremost, a connecting mean that generates modified experiences and relations, a modulating process that re-connects at the moment it separates. (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

O objetivo desse artigo será apresentar parte do debate atual sobre o papel da intenção na teoria da ação e na racionalidade prática. Para isso, iniciarei com a perspectiva do autor responsável pela retomada da filosofia da ação na contemporaneidade, Donald Davidson. Após oferecer uma breve exposição da concepção davidsoniana da intenção e da ação, e sobre os modelos teóricos “crença-desejo” e “crença-desejo-intenção” na filosofia da ação, pretendo desenvolver algumas considerações sobre o aspecto normativo da racionalidade prática (no sentido em (...) que envolve “razões para”) e o papel que a intenção tem nesse processo. Para isso, apresento o modo como Michael Bratman (1987) desenvolve uma linha de argumentação a favor de um tipo de função que a intenção pode desempenhar como input no raciocínio prático, argumentando em prol de um papel genuíno para a intenção em uma concepção de racionalidade prática. Por fim, apresento alguns desdobramentos da discussão sobre o modelo crença-desejo versus o modelo crença-desejo-intenção como propostas conflitantes para a explicação da racionalidade prática.AbstractThis paper aims to present part of the current debate about the role of intention in action theory and practical rationality. For this, I begin with the perspective of the philosopher responsible for the resumption of contemporary philosophy of action, Donald Davidson. After a brief exposition of davidsonian conception of intention and action, and of “belief-desire” and “belief-desire-intention” theoretical models in philosophy of action, I intend to develop some considerations about the normative aspect of practical rationality (in the sense that it involves “reasons for”) and the role of intention in that process. For this, I present the way that Michael Bratman (1987) develops a line of argumentation in favor of a certain type of role intention can play as input in practical reasoning, arguing for a genuine role for intention in a conception of practical rationality. Finally, I present some outspread on belief-desire versus belief-desire-intention discussion, as competing proposals for practical rationality explanation. (shrink)

O artigo visa abordar o meio fundamental de como o Estado deve-ser para ser a substancialidade ética, conforme o pensamento do filósofo alemão G. W. F. Hegel. A partir da análise de algumas passagens das obras hegelianas Princípios da Filosofia do Direito e Lições sobre a Filosofia da História Universal, juntamente com o auxílio de alguns comentadores, tentar-se-á primeiramente identificar a vinculação do conceito de Estado com o conceito de História, acompanhando alguns dos movimentos fundamentais e analisando, em seguida, o (...) que é, qual sua origem e o que representa o momento da Constituição apresentado na abordagem ético-política hegeliana. Devidamente compreendida, a Constituição em Hegel possui uma fundamentação ética e não abstrata. Hegel não trata da Constituição escrita, mas da Constituição que é a própria organização do Estado. A base ética que sustenta a Constituição é o “espírito do povo”, que é constituído pelo ethos, origem, história, costumes e hábitos de um povo. A constituição é a melhor expressão daquilo que é o povo, quando este se reconhece nela. Tratar da Constituição hegeliana, é tratar, portanto, do Estado, é tratar da conciliação da liberdade e da necessidade, da organização do todo diante da desorganização do Estado político histórico. Palavras-chave: Substancialidade ética. Constituição-Estado hegeliana. Liberdade. (shrink)

O escopo deste artigo é apresentar a Doutrina do Direito de Kant, demonstrando os problemas que o formalismo gera. Será visto que o critério de justiça kantiano é a coexistência de liberdades com leis universais e que a injustiça caracteriza-se quando isso for impedido. Kant propõe princípios metafísicos ao direito, buscando assim realizar uma fundamentação moral do jurídico. Ele distingue as leis éticas das leis jurídicas e estabelece um fundamento comum para ambas: as leis morais. Assim, o direito possui uma (...) fundamentação moral. Todavia, isso é ignorado quando Kant trata do direito de necessidade e do direito de equidade. Segundo o autor, a coerção é necessária para o direito. Porém, há dois casos em que isso não ocorre: no direito de equidade e no direito de necessidade. Por que Kant não resolve o problema desses dois direitos a partir da fundamentação metafísica do direito? É possível uma teoria da justiça estritamente formal, nos moldes kantianos? O presente artigo defende que uma teoria da justiça formal é insuficiente. (shrink)

Um criminoso desconcerta a polícia paulistana ao utilizar técnicas peculiares de ação auxiliado sempre por uma lanterna vermelha. Como assaltante de residências possui as vítimas, trava longos diálogos com elas e protagoniza fugas ousadas para depois gastar o fruto do roubo de maneira extravagante. Perseguido e encurralado, encontra no suicídio a saída para sua extensa e mal-afamada carreira de crimes.

Resumo Este artigo reexamina o debate entre o pluralismo de valores de Isaiah Berlin (PV) e o monismo de Ronald Dworkin, sua “unidade do valor” (UV). Em primeiro lugar, o debate entre ambos é reconstruído por meio de duas proposições: de acordo com a proposição descritiva p, “é possível integrar nossos valores em um todo coerente”; de acordo com a proposição normativa Pn, “a melhor interpretação de nossos valores mostra que eles estão integrados em um todo coerente”. Enquanto PV nega (...) ambas, UV as afirma. Feito isso, apresentam-se os argumentos de Dworkin em defesa de sua tese (assim como as críticas que faz ao pluralismo de Berlin), seguidos de uma resposta pluralista. Por fim, examina-se a tentativa de Dworkin de recolocar o debate no plano meta-ético, julgando-a inadequada: o pluralismo berliniano não se encaixa nos rótulos de “ceticismo interno” e “externo” que Dworkin tenta lhe imputar. Abstract This article revisits and reassess the debate between Isaiah Berlin’s value pluralism (VP) and Ronald Dworkin’s monism, his “unity of value” (UV). First of all, the debate is reconstructed around two claims: according to the descriptive claim p, “it is possible to integrate our values in a coherent whole”; according to the normative claim Pn, “the best interpretation of our values shows them to be integrated in a coherent whole”. While VP denies both, UV asserts them. After that, Dworkin’s arguments in defense of his thesis (as well as his criticisms of Berlin’s pluralism) are presented, along with a pluralist response to them. Finally, Dworkin’s attempt to recast the debate in the meta-ethical level is assessed and deemed to be inadequate: Berlin’s value pluralism does not fit the labels of “internal” and “external skepticism” that Dworkin wants to associate with it. (shrink)

Em seu texto Por quê olhar os animais?, John Berger comenta como a metáfora animal foi um recurso indispensável para revelar uma proximidade entre as espécies, e que sem o exemplo de animais seria improvável, por exemplo, descrever eventos como aqueles narrados por Homero n’A Iíada. A correlação entre vidas semelhantes e heterogêneas permitiram aos seres humanos, inspirados pelos animais, darem respostas às primeiras perguntas. É razoável afirmar que a primeira metáfora tenha sido a do animal, como um modo de (...) partilhar o mundo que lhes era comum e diferente. Mas nossa relação com os animais não-humanos também contém contradições; a criação do zoológico representou a elevação de um monumento à impossibilidade de qualquer reencontro com a animalidade. Em vez de liberados, os animais foram capturados por outras categorias políticas. Para John Berger as ambiguidades permanecem “Eles são os objetos de nosso conhecimento sempre crescente. O que sabemos sobre eles é um índice de nosso poder, e assim é um índice do que nos separa deles. Quanto mais sabemos, mais distante eles ficam.”. (shrink)

O presente artigo discute as relações entre animais não-humanos e o sensível. Para tanto, ensaia-se uma compreensão das formas animais e suas aparências expressivas, apoiando-se em ideias e teses dos filósofos franceses Merleau-Ponty e Dominique Lestel formuladas a partir do estudo do zoólogo Adolf Portmann sobre a aparência dos animais, denominado A forma animal. A investigação de Portmann, interessada em apreender fora do registro funcional do biológico o mistério que envolve as formas vivas, assimila uma nova concepção de corpo animal (...) e descobre nele uma qualidade estética de livre expressão resultante do dispêndio das aparências dos viventes não-humanos.Palavras-chave: Vida Sensível; Animalidade; Aparência; Natureza. (shrink)

In moral and political philosophy, collective obligations are promising “gap-stoppers” when we find that we need to assert some obligation, but can not plausibly ascribe this obligation to individual agents. Most notably, Bill Wringe and Jesse Tomalty discuss whether the obligations that correspond to socio-economic human rights are held by states or even by humankind at large. The present paper aims to provide a missing piece for these discussions, namely an account of the conditions under which obligations can apply to (...) loose collections of agents that do not qualify as collective agents in their own right. I first explain the notion of joint obligations of loose collections of agents as opposed to collective obligations of collections of agents that are collective agents in their own right, and argue that the conditions under which agents can jointly have obligations are the conditions under which they are jointly able to do what is required. I then build on Virginia Held’s seminal work on the moral responsibility of “random collections” to develop such conditions for joint ability. My discussion shows that collections of individuals can more easily be subject to moral obligations than previously assumed. It also shows that putative joint obligations need to be carefully time-indexed, and that it is largely an empirical question whether a given collection can be subject to a moral obligation to perform a given joint action at a particular time. (shrink)

When several agents together produce suboptimal outcomes, yet no individual could have made a difference for the better, Act Consequentialism counterintuitively judges that all involved agents act rightly. I address this problem by supplementing Act Consequentialism with a requirement of modal robustness: Agents not only ought to produce best consequences in the actual world, but they also ought to be such that they would act optimally in certain counterfactual scenarios. I interpret this Modally Robust Act Consequentialism as Act Consequentialism plus (...) a requirement of moral virtue, namely, to reliably act rightly and to act rightly for the right reasons. (shrink)

In a previous work we studied, from the perspective ofAlgebraic Logic, the implicationless fragment of a logic introduced by O. Arieli and A. Avron using a class of bilattice-based logical matrices called logical bilattices. Here we complete this study by considering the Arieli-Avron logic in the full language, obtained by adding two implication connectives to the standard bilattice language. We prove that this logic is algebraizable and investigate its algebraic models, which turn out to be distributive bilattices with additional implication (...) operations. We axiomatize and state several results on these new classes of algebras, in particular representation theorems analogue to the well-known one for interlaced bilattices. (shrink)

Since the outbreak of the war in the Ukraine, realism has made a comeback in public discourses but it is not clear what realism actually means as it seems to stand for everything: from supporting the Ukraine against Russian aggression to the war is the West’s fault. This is the result of decades of not distinguishing between neorealism and classical realism and implicitly acknowledging neorealist storytelling of having systematized classical realist thought. The present paper is a further intervention to carefully (...) distinguish between both theoretical perspectives to uncover what they can add to current world political problems. It finishes by asking if neorealist scholars like John Mearsheimer have a point that it is the West’s fault and a diplomatic solution needs to be found. They often refer to Hans Morgenthau not least because he was one of the most outspoken critics of the Vietnam War. (shrink)

Serious mental health disorders are increasing among college students and university counseling services are often overburdened. Mobile applications for mental health have been growing exponentially in the last decade and they are emerging in university settings as a promising tool to promote and intervene in college students' mental health. Additionally, considering the recent covid-19 pandemic, mHealth interventions, due to its nature and possibilities, may play an important role in these institutions. Our main objectives are to explore mhealth interventions in universities, (...) regarding its conceptual framework, acceptability and efficacy outcomes and understand its impact and contributions to address treatment delivery and psychological difficulties resulting from covid-19 pandemic. The literature search was conducted in scientific databases, namely, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus. A search in app stores was not conducted, thus regarding commercially available apps, only those found in our database search were included in our review. We selected studies with mobile applications addressing psychological interventions for college students. A total of 2,158 participants were included in the 8 selected studies and most interventions were delivered through mobile apps only and based in cognitive behavioral therapy. Results suggested that college students accept and adhere to these interventions and preliminary evidence of efficacy was demonstrated in different disorders, such as stress, anxiety, depression and risky behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco abuse and sexual knowledge. We conclude that universities, particularly college counseling services, may benefit from mhealth interventions, not only to address college students' mental health but to decrease some of its difficulties related to lack of human resources. Specifically in covid-19 pandemic context, these interventions may contribute significantly by promoting and delivering psychological interventions at a safe distance. (shrink)

McGarvey (Econometrica, 21(4), 608–610, 1953) has shown that any irreflexive and anti-symmetric relation can be obtained as a relation induced by majority rule. We address the analogous issue for dominance relations of finite cooperative games with non-transferable utility (coalitional NTU games). We find any irreflexive relation over a finite set can be obtained as the dominance relation of some finite coalitional NTU game. We also show that any such dominance relation is induced by a non-cooperative game through β-effectivity. Dominance relations (...) obtainable through α-effectivity, however, have to comply with a more restrictive condition, which we refer to as the edge-mapping property. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to argue that lying differs from mere misleading in a way that can be morally relevant: liars commit themselves to something they believe to be false, while misleaders avoid such commitment, and this difference can make a moral difference. Even holding all else fixed, a lie can therefore be morally worse than a corresponding misleading utterance. But, we argue, there are also cases in which the difference in commitment makes lying morally better than misleading, (...) as well as cases in which the difference is not morally relevant. This view conflicts with the two main positions philosophers have defended in the ethics of lying and misleading, which entail either that lying is in virtue of its nature worse than misleading or that there is no morally relevant difference between lying and misleading. (shrink)

Resenha do artigo "Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives", de Philippa Foot.